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proposed by the Congress

  • 1 proposed by the Congress

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > proposed by the Congress

  • 2 proposed

    запропонований; висунутий
    - proposed amendment
    - proposed bill
    - proposed by the Congress
    - proposed by the president
    - proposed constitution
    - proposed law
    - proposed legislation
    - proposed statute

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > proposed

  • 3 Congress approbated the proposed budget

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Congress approbated the proposed budget

  • 4 Congress approved the proposed budget

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Congress approved the proposed budget

  • 5 запропонований Конгресом

    ( США) proposed by the Congress

    Українсько-англійський юридичний словник > запропонований Конгресом

  • 6 proponer

    v.
    1 to propose, to suggest.
    propongo ir al cine I suggest going to the cinema
    María propuso su casa para la fiesta Mary proposed her house for the shindig.
    2 to offer, to propose.
    María propuso su casa para la fiesta Mary proposed her house for the shindig.
    Le propuse a María buscar la solución I offered Mary to search for the solution
    3 to propose to.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ PONER], like link=poner poner (pp propuesto,-a)
    1 (persona, plan) to propose
    1 to intend
    * * *
    verb
    to propose, suggest
    * * *
    ( pp propuesto)
    1. VT
    1) (=sugerir) [+ idea, proyecto] to suggest, propose; [+ candidato] to propose, put forward; [+ brindis, moción de censura] to propose; [+ teoría] to put forward, propound frm

    hemos propuesto la creación de un centro de acogida — we have suggested o proposed the setting up of a reception centre

    el plan propuesto por el sindicato — the plan put forward o suggested o proposed by the union

    no creo que la solución sea esa, como parece que algunos proponéis — I do not believe that is the solution, as some of you seem to suggest

    • proponer a algn hacer algo — to suggest to sb that they should do sth

    • proponer que — to suggest o propose that

    propongo que la reunión se aplace hasta mañana — I suggest o propose that the meeting be postponed till tomorrow, I suggest we put the meeting off till tomorrow

    2) (=recomendar)

    • proponer a algn para — [+ cargo] to nominate sb for, propose sb as; [+ premio] to nominate sb for

    lo han propuesto para el cargo de secretario — they have nominated him for secretary, they have proposed him as secretary

    he sido propuesta para la beca de investigación — I've been nominated o proposed for the research scholarship

    3) (=plantear) [+ problema] [gen] to pose; (Mat) to set
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < idea> to propose, suggest
    b) < persona> ( para cargo) to put forward, nominate; ( para premio) to nominate
    c) < moción> to propose
    d) < teoría> to propound
    2.
    proponerse v pron

    cuando se propone algo, lo consigue — when he sets out to do something, he invariably achieves it

    se proponen alcanzar la cima — their aim o goal is to reach the summit

    me propuse decírselo — I made up my mind o I decided to tell her

    * * *
    = argue, come up with, propose, propound, put forth, put forward, nominate, advance, bring forward.
    Ex. Cutter argued that when it could be established that the second term was definitely more significant then inversion of headings was acceptable.
    Ex. Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.
    Ex. The Research Libraries Group (RLG) and the Library of Congress are proposing a joint pilot project to investigate methods of allowing RLG direct online access to the MARC Master File.
    Ex. Few who were present will forget the now classic confrontation between Professor Lubetzky and Frederick Kilgour of OCLC, who propounded the perspective of new cataloging technology.
    Ex. Relevant cultural policy issues are explored, and recommendations are put forth for enhancing Canadian cultural sovereignty through book publishing.
    Ex. One of the key recommendations put forward in the programme was the confirmation of the responsibility of the national bibliographic agency for establishing the authoritative form of name for its country's.
    Ex. Until 1979, Members of the European Parliament were nominated by their national parliaments but in June of that year the first elections by universal suffrage were held in each of the nine member states.
    Ex. The heading 'Sugar Cane: Harvesters' shows the citation order advanced by Coates.
    Ex. They also intend to bring forward legislation to provide that the maximum amount of compensation should be £500,000.
    ----
    * el hombre propone y Dios dispone = Man proposes, God disposes.
    * proponer a discusión = moot.
    * proponer a un candidato = nominate + candidate.
    * proponer como principio = posit.
    * proponer matrimonio = pop + the question.
    * proponer medidas = propose + measures.
    * proponerse = put + Posesivo + mind to.
    * proponerse hacer = set out to + do.
    * proponerse + Infinitivo = set out to + Infinitivo.
    * proponer una idea = advance + proposition, advance + idea, put forward + idea.
    * proponer una moción = propose + motion.
    * proponer una oferta = propose + offer.
    * proponer una teoría = advance + theory.
    * proponer un plan = come up with + plan.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < idea> to propose, suggest
    b) < persona> ( para cargo) to put forward, nominate; ( para premio) to nominate
    c) < moción> to propose
    d) < teoría> to propound
    2.
    proponerse v pron

    cuando se propone algo, lo consigue — when he sets out to do something, he invariably achieves it

    se proponen alcanzar la cima — their aim o goal is to reach the summit

    me propuse decírselo — I made up my mind o I decided to tell her

    * * *
    = argue, come up with, propose, propound, put forth, put forward, nominate, advance, bring forward.

    Ex: Cutter argued that when it could be established that the second term was definitely more significant then inversion of headings was acceptable.

    Ex: Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.
    Ex: The Research Libraries Group (RLG) and the Library of Congress are proposing a joint pilot project to investigate methods of allowing RLG direct online access to the MARC Master File.
    Ex: Few who were present will forget the now classic confrontation between Professor Lubetzky and Frederick Kilgour of OCLC, who propounded the perspective of new cataloging technology.
    Ex: Relevant cultural policy issues are explored, and recommendations are put forth for enhancing Canadian cultural sovereignty through book publishing.
    Ex: One of the key recommendations put forward in the programme was the confirmation of the responsibility of the national bibliographic agency for establishing the authoritative form of name for its country's.
    Ex: Until 1979, Members of the European Parliament were nominated by their national parliaments but in June of that year the first elections by universal suffrage were held in each of the nine member states.
    Ex: The heading 'Sugar Cane: Harvesters' shows the citation order advanced by Coates.
    Ex: They also intend to bring forward legislation to provide that the maximum amount of compensation should be £500,000.
    * el hombre propone y Dios dispone = Man proposes, God disposes.
    * proponer a discusión = moot.
    * proponer a un candidato = nominate + candidate.
    * proponer como principio = posit.
    * proponer matrimonio = pop + the question.
    * proponer medidas = propose + measures.
    * proponerse = put + Posesivo + mind to.
    * proponerse hacer = set out to + do.
    * proponerse + Infinitivo = set out to + Infinitivo.
    * proponer una idea = advance + proposition, advance + idea, put forward + idea.
    * proponer una moción = propose + motion.
    * proponer una oferta = propose + offer.
    * proponer una teoría = advance + theory.
    * proponer un plan = come up with + plan.

    * * *
    vt
    1 ‹idea› to propose, suggest
    propuse dos proyectos alternativos I proposed o put forward o suggested two alternative plans
    nos propuso pasar el fin de semana en su casa she suggested we spend the weekend at her house
    te voy a proponer un trato I'm going to make you a proposition, I'm going to propose a deal
    proponer QUE + SUBJ:
    propongo que se vote la moción I propose that we vote on the motion
    propuso que se aceptara la oferta she suggested o proposed that the offer should be accepted
    2 ‹persona› (para un cargo) to put forward, nominate; (para un premio) to nominate
    propuso a Ibáñez como candidato he put Ibáñez forward as a candidate, he proposed o nominated Ibáñez as a candidate
    3 ‹moción› to propose
    4 ‹teoría› to propound
    cuando se propone algo, lo consigue when he sets out to do something, he invariably achieves it
    sin proponérselo, se había convertido en el líder del grupo he had unwittingly become the leader of the group
    me lo había propuesto como meta I had set myself that goal
    proponerse + INF:
    no nos proponemos insultar a nadie we do not set out to o aim to insult anybody, it is not our aim o intention to insult anybody
    se proponen construir una sociedad nueva their aim o goal is to build a new society, they plan to build a new society
    se han propuesto alcanzar la cima they aim to reach the summit, they have set themselves the goal of reaching the summit, their aim o goal is to reach the summit
    me propuse ir a hablar con ella I made up my mind o I decided to go and talk to her
    me había propuesto levantarme más temprano I had decided that I would get up earlier, I had planned o intended to get up earlier
    proponerse QUE + SUBJ:
    te has propuesto que me enfade you're determined to make me o you're intent on making me lose my temper
    * * *

     

    proponer ( conjugate proponer) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹ idea› to propose, suggest;

    ‹ brindis› to propose;

    te voy a proponer un trato I'm going to make you a proposition

    ( para premio) to nominate


    proponerse verbo pronominal:

    me lo propuse como meta I set myself that goal;
    me propuse decírselo I made up my mind o I decided to tell her
    proponer verbo transitivo
    1 (una idea, etc) to propose, suggest: os propongo que vayamos al teatro, how about going to the theatre?
    2 (a una persona) to nominate: le propusieron para ocupar la vicepresidencia, they nominated him for the vice-presidency ➣ Ver nota en propose

    ' proponer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    decir
    - testigo
    - propuse
    English:
    advance
    - come up with
    - move
    - nominate
    - offer
    - propose
    - propound
    - put forward
    - sponsor
    - put
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [sugerir] to propose, to suggest;
    han propuesto varias ideas they have put forward a number of ideas;
    propongo ir al cine I suggest going to the cinema;
    me propuso un trato he proposed a deal;
    me propuso que fuéramos al teatro she suggested going to the theatre
    2. [candidato] to put forward;
    lo han propuesto para secretario general del partido he has been put forward as a candidate for party chairman
    * * *
    <part propuesto> v/t propose, suggest;
    el hombre propone y Dios dispone man proposes and God disposes
    * * *
    proponer {60} vt
    1) : to propose, to suggest
    2) : to nominate
    * * *
    1. (brindis, plan, etc) to propose
    2. (acción) to suggest

    Spanish-English dictionary > proponer

  • 7 Congrès, le

       The French Congress, a joint convention of the two chambers of Parliament, the Assemblée Nationale and the Sénat, required for the voting of proposed changes to the Constitution.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Congrès, le

  • 8 asesor

    adj.
    advisory, consulting, counseling, instructional.
    m.
    adviser, advisor, assessor, consultant.
    * * *
    1 advisory
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 adviser, consultant
    \
    asesor,-ra de imagen image consultant
    asesor,-ra fiscal tax advisor
    * * *
    1. (f. - asesora)
    noun
    consultant, advisor
    2. (f. - asesora)
    adj.
    * * *
    asesor, -a
    1.
    2.
    SM / F adviser, consultant

    asesor(a) administrativo/a — management consultant

    asesor(a) financiero/a — financial adviser

    asesor(a) jurídico/a — legal adviser

    asesor(a) técnico/a — technical adviser o consultant

    * * *
    I
    - sora adjetivo < consejo> advisory
    II
    - sora masculino, femenino advisor*, consultant
    * * *
    = advice worker, adviser [advisor, -USA], advisory, consultant, counsellor [counselor, -USA], referee, publication referee, assessor, top aide, spinner, spin doctor, consultative.
    Ex. NACAB have a research project to develop a mini-information pack that could be used by peripatetic advice workers.
    Ex. Recent action by government advisers has resulted in 'subject weightings' being applied to all courses in public sector higher education.
    Ex. The European Economic Community (EEC) Treaty of 25 March 1957 endowed the European Parliament with ' advisory and supervisory powers'.
    Ex. The American Library Association invited Lubetzky to the Library of Congress as a consultant on bibliographic policy.
    Ex. Also, the students are encouraged to explore subjects on interest to them in their school libraries and report on their investigations, either orally or in writing, to a teacher who serves as a kind of counselor or mentor for the project.
    Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.
    Ex. This does not imply that the abstractor becomes a publication referee, trying to second-guess decisions already made by editors.
    Ex. This article examines the role of the external assessor in the process of reviewing academic libraries.
    Ex. Kelly reportedly said that top aides of Prime Minister Tony Blair had 'sexed up' intelligence reports to help justify an invasion of Iraq.
    Ex. The writer discusses how presidential spinner Ari Fleischer responded to questions about the proposed war with Iraq.
    Ex. The author suggests that the spin doctor is a new communication role, and raises questions about its relationship to the traditional public relations model.
    Ex. To this end some consultative procedure is to be recommended.
    ----
    * asesor académico = education officer.
    * asesor de información = information consultant.
    * asesor de salidas profesionales = career(s) adviser.
    * asesor económico = financial consultant.
    * asesor estudiantil = education officer.
    * asesor financiero = financial advisor, financial consultant.
    * asesor fiscal = fiscal officer.
    * asesor legal = legislative assistant.
    * asesor moral = guidance counsellor, ethicist.
    * asesor principal = senior adviser, senior consultant.
    * asesor técnico de bibliotecas = library consultant.
    * asesor técnico en construcción de bibliotecas = library building consultant.
    * comité asesor = advisory committee, consultative committee.
    * enviar a un asesor experto = refer.
    * grupo asesor = advisory group.
    * Grupo Asesor sobre Redes (NAG) = Network Advisory Group (NAG).
    * * *
    I
    - sora adjetivo < consejo> advisory
    II
    - sora masculino, femenino advisor*, consultant
    * * *
    = advice worker, adviser [advisor, -USA], advisory, consultant, counsellor [counselor, -USA], referee, publication referee, assessor, top aide, spinner, spin doctor, consultative.

    Ex: NACAB have a research project to develop a mini-information pack that could be used by peripatetic advice workers.

    Ex: Recent action by government advisers has resulted in 'subject weightings' being applied to all courses in public sector higher education.
    Ex: The European Economic Community (EEC) Treaty of 25 March 1957 endowed the European Parliament with ' advisory and supervisory powers'.
    Ex: The American Library Association invited Lubetzky to the Library of Congress as a consultant on bibliographic policy.
    Ex: Also, the students are encouraged to explore subjects on interest to them in their school libraries and report on their investigations, either orally or in writing, to a teacher who serves as a kind of counselor or mentor for the project.
    Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.
    Ex: This does not imply that the abstractor becomes a publication referee, trying to second-guess decisions already made by editors.
    Ex: This article examines the role of the external assessor in the process of reviewing academic libraries.
    Ex: Kelly reportedly said that top aides of Prime Minister Tony Blair had 'sexed up' intelligence reports to help justify an invasion of Iraq.
    Ex: The writer discusses how presidential spinner Ari Fleischer responded to questions about the proposed war with Iraq.
    Ex: The author suggests that the spin doctor is a new communication role, and raises questions about its relationship to the traditional public relations model.
    Ex: To this end some consultative procedure is to be recommended.
    * asesor académico = education officer.
    * asesor de información = information consultant.
    * asesor de salidas profesionales = career(s) adviser.
    * asesor económico = financial consultant.
    * asesor estudiantil = education officer.
    * asesor financiero = financial advisor, financial consultant.
    * asesor fiscal = fiscal officer.
    * asesor legal = legislative assistant.
    * asesor moral = guidance counsellor, ethicist.
    * asesor principal = senior adviser, senior consultant.
    * asesor técnico de bibliotecas = library consultant.
    * asesor técnico en construcción de bibliotecas = library building consultant.
    * comité asesor = advisory committee, consultative committee.
    * enviar a un asesor experto = refer.
    * grupo asesor = advisory group.
    * Grupo Asesor sobre Redes (NAG) = Network Advisory Group (NAG).

    * * *
    ‹consejo/junta› advisory
    ingeniero asesor consulting o consultant engineer
    masculine, feminine
    advisor*, consultant
    Compuestos:
    feminine ( Chi frml) maid
    ● asesor de imagen, asesora de imagen
    masculine, feminine public relations consultant o advisor
    ● asesor financiero, asesora financiera
    masculine, feminine financial adviser
    ● asesor fiscal, asesora fiscal
    masculine, feminine tax consultant o advisor*
    ● asesor militar, asesora militar
    masculine, feminine military advisor*
    ● asesor técnico, asesora técnica
    masculine, feminine technical consultant o advisor*
    * * *

     

    asesor
    ◊ - sora adjetivo ‹ consejo› advisory;


    ‹arquitecto/ingeniero› consultant ( before n)
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    advisor( conjugate advisor), consultant
    asesor,-ora
    I sustantivo masculino y femenino adviser
    asesor fiscal, tax advisor
    II adjetivo advisory
    ' asesor' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    asesora
    - consejero
    English:
    adviser
    - advisory
    - assessor
    - consultant
    - counsellor
    - counselor
    - financial adviser
    - legal adviser
    - aide
    * * *
    asesor, -ora
    ♦ adj
    advisory
    ♦ nm,f
    adviser
    asesor científico [de gobierno] scientific adviser; [de programa televisivo] scientific consultant;
    asesor financiero financial adviser;
    asesor fiscal tax adviser;
    Chile asesora del hogar maid;
    asesor de imagen image consultant;
    asesor jurídico legal adviser;
    asesor militar military adviser
    * * *
    I adj advisory
    II m, asesora f consultant, advisor, Br
    adviser
    * * *
    asesor, - sora n
    : advisor, consultant

    Spanish-English dictionary > asesor

  • 9 en relación con

    = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, for purposes of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with
    Ex. Notices conveying, for example, the essential elements of the catalogue are likely to be especially important in association with microfilm or card catalogues.
    Ex. Rules for any given class must be used in conjunction with the schedules for that class.
    Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex. It is easiest to discuss the criteria for effective schedules in relation to the treatment of specific subjects.
    Ex. It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.
    Ex. And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.
    Ex. Indeed, the changes are so rapid and so diverse, our plans for the future must also include what is presently possible in the way of information dissemination.
    Ex. Recommendations relating to analytical cataloguing practices concern themselves primarily with the way in which the part of a document or work to be accessed is described.
    Ex. It was apparent that the responders to the investigation were somewhat unsure of their future situation relative to the burgeoning information education market = Era claro que los entrevistados en la investigacion no se sentían muy seguros sobre su situación futura en relación con el incipiente mercado de las enseñanzas de documentación.
    Ex. The information note following the explanatory heading provides guidance to the user of the catalogue vis à vis the conventions used in formulating uniform headings.
    Ex. General points have been illustrated with reference to the cataloguing of books.
    Ex. KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.
    Ex. After a few tangential remarks apropos of nothing, Carmichael left, a considerably less anxious person.
    Ex. This article reviews the mission of the ALA's Committee on Accreditation (COA) and examines its role as it relates to the education of librarians qualified to work with children and young people.
    Ex. The exploration aims to view table of contents terminology in the context of functions served by other representations of subject information, including Library of Congress subject headings, work title terminology, and author-contributed front matter.
    Ex. This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.
    Ex. Again, on the matter of the sources already consulted by the enquirer, the implication is not that he is unreliable or deceitful, but that in looking up the Encyclopedia Americana he may not be aware of the existence of the index.
    Ex. This reawakening brought a determination to help make atomic energy a positive factor for humanity but things have gone from bad to worse re genuine disarmament.
    Ex. In major enumerative schemes synthesis is often controlled by careful instructions regarding citation order.
    Ex. Thus, self-presentation becomes a dynamic conception of people structuring their relations apropos to their life-space, rather than a theory of how to win friends and influence people.
    Ex. We now know enough in reference to the prevention and cure of communicable diseases so that the average human life might be lengthened by a third.
    Ex. Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.
    Ex. This revised chapter modified the code in keeping with the recently agreed ISBD(M), and proposed a slightly different description for monographs.
    * * *
    = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, for purposes of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with

    Ex: Notices conveying, for example, the essential elements of the catalogue are likely to be especially important in association with microfilm or card catalogues.

    Ex: Rules for any given class must be used in conjunction with the schedules for that class.
    Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex: It is easiest to discuss the criteria for effective schedules in relation to the treatment of specific subjects.
    Ex: It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.
    Ex: And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.
    Ex: Indeed, the changes are so rapid and so diverse, our plans for the future must also include what is presently possible in the way of information dissemination.
    Ex: Recommendations relating to analytical cataloguing practices concern themselves primarily with the way in which the part of a document or work to be accessed is described.
    Ex: It was apparent that the responders to the investigation were somewhat unsure of their future situation relative to the burgeoning information education market = Era claro que los entrevistados en la investigacion no se sentían muy seguros sobre su situación futura en relación con el incipiente mercado de las enseñanzas de documentación.
    Ex: The information note following the explanatory heading provides guidance to the user of the catalogue vis à vis the conventions used in formulating uniform headings.
    Ex: General points have been illustrated with reference to the cataloguing of books.
    Ex: KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.
    Ex: After a few tangential remarks apropos of nothing, Carmichael left, a considerably less anxious person.
    Ex: This article reviews the mission of the ALA's Committee on Accreditation (COA) and examines its role as it relates to the education of librarians qualified to work with children and young people.
    Ex: The exploration aims to view table of contents terminology in the context of functions served by other representations of subject information, including Library of Congress subject headings, work title terminology, and author-contributed front matter.
    Ex: This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.
    Ex: Again, on the matter of the sources already consulted by the enquirer, the implication is not that he is unreliable or deceitful, but that in looking up the Encyclopedia Americana he may not be aware of the existence of the index.
    Ex: This reawakening brought a determination to help make atomic energy a positive factor for humanity but things have gone from bad to worse re genuine disarmament.
    Ex: In major enumerative schemes synthesis is often controlled by careful instructions regarding citation order.
    Ex: Thus, self-presentation becomes a dynamic conception of people structuring their relations apropos to their life-space, rather than a theory of how to win friends and influence people.
    Ex: We now know enough in reference to the prevention and cure of communicable diseases so that the average human life might be lengthened by a third.
    Ex: Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.
    Ex: This revised chapter modified the code in keeping with the recently agreed ISBD(M), and proposed a slightly different description for monographs.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en relación con

  • 10 materia

    f.
    1 matter (sustancia, asunto).
    en materia de on the subject of, concerning
    la legislación en materia de medio ambiente the legislation on the subject of o concerning the environment
    entrar en materia to get down to business
    materia grasa fat content
    materia gris gray matter
    materia orgánica organic matter
    2 material (material).
    materia prima raw material
    3 subject (asignatura).
    * * *
    1 (sustancia) matter
    2 (material) material, substance
    3 (asignatura) subject
    4 (asunto) subject, matter
    \
    en materia de... on the subject of...
    entrar en materia to get to the point
    índice de materias table of contents
    materia gris grey matter
    materia prima raw material
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Fís) matter; (=material) material, substance

    materia fecal — faeces pl, feces pl (EEUU)

    materia gris — grey o (EEUU) gray matter

    2) (=tema) subject matter; (Escol) subject

    entrar en materia — to get down to business, get to the point

    materia optativa — (Escol) option, optional subject

    * * *
    1) ( sustancia) matter
    2)
    a) (tema, asunto) subject

    en materia de — as regards, with regard to

    entrar en materia: entremos en materia — let's get straight to the matter in hand o straight down to business

    b) ( material) material
    c) (esp AmL) ( asignatura) subject
    •
    * * *
    = matter, subject, subject term, topic, subject matter, rubric, material, subject discipline.
    Ex. Ranganathan proposed five basic types of facets which may occur in many subject fields: personality, matter, energy, space, time.
    Ex. What is a subject?.
    Ex. In alphabetical indexing languages, such as are embodied in thesauri and subject headings lists, subject terms are the alphabetical names of the subjects.
    Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex. The librarian generally looks at the book's title, subtitle, preface, contents list, etc, in order to determine the subject matter.
    Ex. And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.
    Ex. The material in the exhibition is organized into four thematic sections: objects used in daily life, funerary rites, religious items, and works of art.
    Ex. Respondents indicated that they needed to master several subject disciplines and a sizable vocabulary to understand the literature they use.
    ----
    * acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.
    * acceso por materias = subject access.
    * al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type.
    * alfabético por materias = alphabetico-subject.
    * aportar materia prima para = provide + grist for + Posesivo + mill.
    * asignación de materias = subject indexing, subject assignment.
    * buscado por materia = subject-traced.
    * buscador por materias = subject gateway.
    * búsqueda por materia = subject searching, topical subject search.
    * búsqueda por materias = subject search, subject query, subject browsing.
    * catalogador de materias = subject cataloguer.
    * catálogo alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject catalogue.
    * catálogo de materias = subject catalogue.
    * catálogo sistemático de materias = classified subject catalogue.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificar por materia = subject classify.
    * conocer muy bien la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * consulta por materias = subject browsing.
    * control de materias = subject control.
    * cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.
    * dar materia para la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * derechos en materia de procreación = reproductive rights.
    * descriptor de materia = subject descriptor.
    * distribución de una materia en su índice = subject scatter.
    * encabezamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject heading.
    * encabezamiento de materia = subject heading, subject description.
    * encabezamiento de materia específico = specific subject heading.
    * Encabezamientos de Materia de Medicina (MeSH) = Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
    * en materia de = in matters of, as regards, with regard(s) to, regarding, on, concerning, in the field of.
    * entrada alfabética de materia = alphabetical subject entry.
    * entrada de materia = subject entry.
    * especialista en una materia = subject specialist.
    * experto en la materia = subject expert.
    * fichero de materias = descriptor file.
    * fichero ordenado por materias = subject file.
    * identificador de materia = subject label.
    * índice alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject index.
    * índice articulado de materias = articulated subject index.
    * índice de materias = subject index, topical index, subject guide.
    * Indice Permutado de Materias = Permuterm Subject Index.
    * índices de títulos al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type title indexes.
    * Indización Permutada de Materias basada en Postulados (POPSI) = Postulate-based Permuted Subject Indexing (POPSI).
    * indización por materias = subject indexing.
    * información como materia prima, la = information commodity.
    * información sobre la materia = subject data.
    * LCSH (Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCSH (Library of Congress List of Subject Headings).
    * lista alfabética de encabezamientos de materia = alphabetical list of subject headings.
    * lista de encabezamientos de materia = subject headings list.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Asociación de Bibliotecas Escolar = SLA List.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materias de Sears = Sears' List of Subject Headings.
    * materia asociada = collateral subject.
    * materia compuesta = complex subject, composite subject, compound subject.
    * materia coordinada = coordinate subject.
    * materia de estudio = subject of study.
    * materia específica = subordinate subject, specific subject.
    * materia favorita = pet subject.
    * materia general = superordinate subject, parent subject.
    * materia gris = grey matter [gray matter].
    * materia impresa = printed matter.
    * materia inanimada = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia inorgánica = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia más específica = narrower subject.
    * materia más general = broader subject.
    * materia muerta = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia optativa = option.
    * materia orgánica = organic matter, organic materials.
    * materia preferida = pet subject.
    * materia prima = raw material, staple diet, grist, primary raw material, feedstock.
    * materia principal = main subject.
    * materia representada por un solo descriptor = one-concept subject.
    * materia representada por varios descriptores = multi-concept subject.
    * materia secundaria = fringe subject.
    * materias troncales = core curriculum.
    * materia troncal = core subject.
    * materia viva = living matter.
    * mercado de materias primas, el = commodity market, the.
    * nombre de materia = subject name.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * ordenación por materias = subject arrangement.
    * organización de materias = subject organisation.
    * porcentaje de materias servidas = subject fill rate.
    * por materias = subject-based, topically.
    * precios de las materias primas = commodity prices.
    * profano en la materia = non-scholar.
    * recuperación por materias = subject access, subject retrieval.
    * registro de encabezamiento secundario de materia = subject tracing.
    * salud en materia de procreación = reproductive health.
    * ser la materia prima de = be grist to + Posesivo + mill.
    * ser un experto en la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * subdivisión de materia = subject subdivision.
    * subencabezamiento de materia = subject heading subdivision, topical subheading.
    * terminología usada para las materias = subject terminology.
    * tratamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject approach.
    * * *
    1) ( sustancia) matter
    2)
    a) (tema, asunto) subject

    en materia de — as regards, with regard to

    entrar en materia: entremos en materia — let's get straight to the matter in hand o straight down to business

    b) ( material) material
    c) (esp AmL) ( asignatura) subject
    •
    * * *
    = matter, subject, subject term, topic, subject matter, rubric, material, subject discipline.

    Ex: Ranganathan proposed five basic types of facets which may occur in many subject fields: personality, matter, energy, space, time.

    Ex: What is a subject?.
    Ex: In alphabetical indexing languages, such as are embodied in thesauri and subject headings lists, subject terms are the alphabetical names of the subjects.
    Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex: The librarian generally looks at the book's title, subtitle, preface, contents list, etc, in order to determine the subject matter.
    Ex: And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.
    Ex: The material in the exhibition is organized into four thematic sections: objects used in daily life, funerary rites, religious items, and works of art.
    Ex: Respondents indicated that they needed to master several subject disciplines and a sizable vocabulary to understand the literature they use.
    * acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.
    * acceso por materias = subject access.
    * al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type.
    * alfabético por materias = alphabetico-subject.
    * aportar materia prima para = provide + grist for + Posesivo + mill.
    * asignación de materias = subject indexing, subject assignment.
    * buscado por materia = subject-traced.
    * buscador por materias = subject gateway.
    * búsqueda por materia = subject searching, topical subject search.
    * búsqueda por materias = subject search, subject query, subject browsing.
    * catalogador de materias = subject cataloguer.
    * catálogo alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject catalogue.
    * catálogo de materias = subject catalogue.
    * catálogo sistemático de materias = classified subject catalogue.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificar por materia = subject classify.
    * conocer muy bien la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * consulta por materias = subject browsing.
    * control de materias = subject control.
    * cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.
    * dar materia para la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * derechos en materia de procreación = reproductive rights.
    * descriptor de materia = subject descriptor.
    * distribución de una materia en su índice = subject scatter.
    * encabezamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject heading.
    * encabezamiento de materia = subject heading, subject description.
    * encabezamiento de materia específico = specific subject heading.
    * Encabezamientos de Materia de Medicina (MeSH) = Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
    * en materia de = in matters of, as regards, with regard(s) to, regarding, on, concerning, in the field of.
    * entrada alfabética de materia = alphabetical subject entry.
    * entrada de materia = subject entry.
    * especialista en una materia = subject specialist.
    * experto en la materia = subject expert.
    * fichero de materias = descriptor file.
    * fichero ordenado por materias = subject file.
    * identificador de materia = subject label.
    * índice alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject index.
    * índice articulado de materias = articulated subject index.
    * índice de materias = subject index, topical index, subject guide.
    * Indice Permutado de Materias = Permuterm Subject Index.
    * índices de títulos al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type title indexes.
    * Indización Permutada de Materias basada en Postulados (POPSI) = Postulate-based Permuted Subject Indexing (POPSI).
    * indización por materias = subject indexing.
    * información como materia prima, la = information commodity.
    * información sobre la materia = subject data.
    * LCSH (Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCSH (Library of Congress List of Subject Headings).
    * lista alfabética de encabezamientos de materia = alphabetical list of subject headings.
    * lista de encabezamientos de materia = subject headings list.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Asociación de Bibliotecas Escolar = SLA List.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materias de Sears = Sears' List of Subject Headings.
    * materia asociada = collateral subject.
    * materia compuesta = complex subject, composite subject, compound subject.
    * materia coordinada = coordinate subject.
    * materia de estudio = subject of study.
    * materia específica = subordinate subject, specific subject.
    * materia favorita = pet subject.
    * materia general = superordinate subject, parent subject.
    * materia gris = grey matter [gray matter].
    * materia impresa = printed matter.
    * materia inanimada = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia inorgánica = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia más específica = narrower subject.
    * materia más general = broader subject.
    * materia muerta = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia optativa = option.
    * materia orgánica = organic matter, organic materials.
    * materia preferida = pet subject.
    * materia prima = raw material, staple diet, grist, primary raw material, feedstock.
    * materia principal = main subject.
    * materia representada por un solo descriptor = one-concept subject.
    * materia representada por varios descriptores = multi-concept subject.
    * materia secundaria = fringe subject.
    * materias troncales = core curriculum.
    * materia troncal = core subject.
    * materia viva = living matter.
    * mercado de materias primas, el = commodity market, the.
    * nombre de materia = subject name.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * ordenación por materias = subject arrangement.
    * organización de materias = subject organisation.
    * porcentaje de materias servidas = subject fill rate.
    * por materias = subject-based, topically.
    * precios de las materias primas = commodity prices.
    * profano en la materia = non-scholar.
    * recuperación por materias = subject access, subject retrieval.
    * registro de encabezamiento secundario de materia = subject tracing.
    * salud en materia de procreación = reproductive health.
    * ser la materia prima de = be grist to + Posesivo + mill.
    * ser un experto en la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * subdivisión de materia = subject subdivision.
    * subencabezamiento de materia = subject heading subdivision, topical subheading.
    * terminología usada para las materias = subject terminology.
    * tratamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject approach.

    * * *
    A (sustancia) matter
    materia orgánica/viva organic/living matter
    Compuestos:
    feces* (pl), fecal* matter
    fat
    gray* matter
    dark matter
    ( Econ, Tec) raw material; ( Fin) commodity
    el mercado de materias primas the commodities market
    B
    1 (tema, asunto) subject
    los libros están ordenados por materias the books are arranged according to subject
    en materia jurídica es un experto he's an expert on legal matters
    en materia de as regards, with regard to
    es un país muy avanzado en materia de sanidad it is a very advanced country in terms of o with regard to o as regards health care
    entrar en materia: entró inmediatamente en materia he went straight into the subject, he got straight to the point
    2 (material) material
    aquí hay materia para hacer un estudio muy completo there is enough material here to do an in-depth study
    3 ( esp AmL) (asignatura) subject
    Compuesto:
    classified information
    * * *

     

    materia sustantivo femenino
    1 ( sustancia) matter;
    ◊ materia gris gray( conjugate gray) matter;

    materia prima (Econ, Tec) raw material;

    (Fin) commodity
    2
    a) (tema, asunto) subject;



    materia sustantivo femenino
    1 matter
    materia inorgánica/orgánica, inorganic/organic matter
    materia no contaminante, non-polluting material
    2 (tema) matter, stuff: domina muy bien la materia, she knows her stuff
    es un especialista en la materia, he's an expert on the subject
    3 Educ (asignatura) subject
    ' materia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cartón
    - consistente
    - curso
    - en
    - gris
    - lega
    - lego
    - prima
    - primo
    - revés
    - saber
    - sebo
    - tierra
    - autoridad
    - conocer
    - corromper
    - corrompido
    - corrupción
    - pasta
    - procesar
    - profano
    - reprobar
    English:
    abrasive
    - commodity
    - cut
    - deterioration
    - fluid
    - grey matter
    - ground
    - insulation
    - last
    - material
    - matter
    - of
    - out of
    - raw material
    - rock
    - rubber
    - soft
    - soil
    - strong
    - subject
    - subject matter
    - substitute
    - tarmac
    - wood
    - lay
    - raw
    - subsidiary
    - wastage
    * * *
    1. [sustancia] matter
    Anat materia gris grey matter;
    materia orgánica organic matter;
    Astron materia oscura dark matter
    2. [asunto] matter;
    materia de reflexión food for thought;
    en materia de on the subject of, concerning;
    han llegado a un acuerdo en materia de impuestos they have come to an agreement on o concerning taxation;
    la legislación en materia de medio ambiente the legislation on the subject of o concerning the environment;
    entrar en materia to get down to business
    3. [material] material
    materia prima raw material
    4. [asignatura] subject
    RP Univ materia previa = module that has to be passed in order to do a more advanced module
    * * *
    f
    1 matter
    2 ( material) material
    3 ( tema) subject;
    entrar en materia get on to the subject;
    en materia de as regards
    * * *
    1) : matter
    materia gris: gray matter
    2) : material
    materia prima: raw material
    3) : (academic) subject
    4)
    en materia de : on the subject of, concerning
    * * *
    1. (en general) matter
    2. (asignatura, tema) subject

    Spanish-English dictionary > materia

  • 11 obstáculo

    m.
    obstacle, drag, snag, balk.
    * * *
    1 (barrera) obstacle
    2 (inconveniente) objection
    3 (valla) fence, jump
    \
    salvar un obstáculo to overcome an obstacle
    carrera de obstáculos (para niños) obstacle race 2 (de caballos, atletas) steeplechase
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) [físico] obstacle
    carrera 2)
    2) (=dificultad) obstacle, hindrance

    poner obstáculos a algo/algn — to hinder sth/sb

    * * *
    masculino obstacle

    superar or salvar un obstáculo — to overcome an obstacle

    no fue obstáculo para que ganara — it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning

    * * *
    = encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impairment, impediment, rough spot, wall, barrier, bottleneck, hindrance, obstacle, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, block.
    Ex. Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.
    Ex. A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.
    Ex. Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.
    Ex. A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.
    Ex. It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.
    Ex. But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.
    Ex. In the map library, the electronic medium is shaking the foundations of cartographic communication and threatening the bring the walls crashing down.
    Ex. While the number of projects proposed was innumerable, 3 barriers remain: red tape; hard currency; and Western barriers to providing high technology to the Eastern bloc.
    Ex. A number of research groups have investigated the use of knowledge-based systems as a means of avoiding this bottleneck.
    Ex. The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.
    Ex. Conversely, an unsympathetic principal can be the greatest obstacle to library development within a school.
    Ex. This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.
    Ex. Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.
    Ex. These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.
    Ex. Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.
    Ex. The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.
    Ex. The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.
    Ex. Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.
    ----
    * ayudar a eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.
    * carrera de obstáculos = steeplechase.
    * constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.
    * creación de obstáculos = fence building.
    * eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.
    * eliminar un obstáculo = remove + barrier, sweep away + obstacle.
    * encontrarse con un obstáculo = face + obstacle.
    * enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.
    * obstáculo insalvable = insurmountable obstacle.
    * obstáculos = logjam [log-jam].
    * poner obstáculos = cramp.
    * preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.
    * presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.
    * remover un obstáculo = remove + barrier.
    * remover un obstáculo, eliminar un obstáculo = remove + obstacle.
    * ser un obstáculo = stand in + the way (of).
    * sin obstáculos = unchecked, unhindered, unimpeded.
    * sin obstáculos de por medio = uncluttered.
    * sin obstáculos, sin obstrucciones = unobstructed.
    * superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.
    * vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.
    * * *
    masculino obstacle

    superar or salvar un obstáculo — to overcome an obstacle

    no fue obstáculo para que ganara — it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning

    * * *
    = encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impairment, impediment, rough spot, wall, barrier, bottleneck, hindrance, obstacle, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, block.

    Ex: Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.

    Ex: A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.
    Ex: Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.
    Ex: A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.
    Ex: It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.
    Ex: But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.
    Ex: In the map library, the electronic medium is shaking the foundations of cartographic communication and threatening the bring the walls crashing down.
    Ex: While the number of projects proposed was innumerable, 3 barriers remain: red tape; hard currency; and Western barriers to providing high technology to the Eastern bloc.
    Ex: A number of research groups have investigated the use of knowledge-based systems as a means of avoiding this bottleneck.
    Ex: The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.
    Ex: Conversely, an unsympathetic principal can be the greatest obstacle to library development within a school.
    Ex: This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.
    Ex: Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.
    Ex: These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.
    Ex: Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.
    Ex: The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.
    Ex: The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.
    Ex: Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.
    * ayudar a eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.
    * carrera de obstáculos = steeplechase.
    * constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.
    * creación de obstáculos = fence building.
    * eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.
    * eliminar un obstáculo = remove + barrier, sweep away + obstacle.
    * encontrarse con un obstáculo = face + obstacle.
    * enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.
    * obstáculo insalvable = insurmountable obstacle.
    * obstáculos = logjam [log-jam].
    * poner obstáculos = cramp.
    * preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.
    * presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.
    * remover un obstáculo = remove + barrier.
    * remover un obstáculo, eliminar un obstáculo = remove + obstacle.
    * ser un obstáculo = stand in + the way (of).
    * sin obstáculos = unchecked, unhindered, unimpeded.
    * sin obstáculos de por medio = uncluttered.
    * sin obstáculos, sin obstrucciones = unobstructed.
    * superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.
    * vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.

    * * *
    obstacle
    quitaron los obstáculos del camino they cleared the obstacles from the road, they cleared the road of obstacles
    superar or salvar un obstáculo to overcome an obstacle
    no fue obstáculo para que ganara it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning
    me puso muchos obstáculos he put many obstacles in my path
    el único obstáculo entre nosotros y la victoria the only obstacle between us and victory, the only thing that stands/stood between us and victory
    un obstáculo para el éxito del proyecto an obstacle to the success of the project
    * * *

    obstáculo sustantivo masculino
    obstacle
    obstáculo sustantivo masculino
    1 (dificultad) handicap: no hay ningún obstáculo para que estudies Derecho, there's nothing stopping you from studying Law
    2 (en un camino, etc) obstacle
    una carrera de obstáculos, an obstacle race
    ' obstáculo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    escollo
    - esquivar
    - estorbo
    - franquear
    - insalvable
    - remover
    - salvar
    - sortear
    - vencer
    - allanar
    - apartar
    - brincar
    - chocar
    - eliminar
    - encontrar
    - saltar
    - subsanar
    English:
    bar
    - barrier
    - block
    - chief
    - clash
    - clear
    - get across
    - get over
    - get past
    - hazard
    - hurdle
    - impassable
    - impediment
    - jump
    - negotiate
    - obstacle
    - obstruction
    - pitfall
    * * *
    1. [impedimento] obstacle ( para to);
    poner obstáculos a algo/alguien to put obstacles in the way of sth/sb
    2. [en una carrera] hurdle
    * * *
    m obstacle;
    carrera de obstáculos obstacle race;
    ponerle obstáculos a alguien make things difficult for s.o.;
    ponerle obstáculos a algo make sth difficult
    * * *
    impedimento: obstacle
    * * *
    obstáculo n obstacle

    Spanish-English dictionary > obstáculo

  • 12 portavoz

    f. & m.
    spokesman, (f) spokeswoman (person).
    m.
    1 voice.
    2 spokesman, spokesperson of a cause, spokesperson, mouthpiece.
    3 spokeswoman.
    4 megaphone, speaking trumpet.
    * * *
    1 (gen) spokesperson; (hombre) spokesman; (mujer) spokeswoman
    * * *
    noun mf.
    spokesperson, spokesman / spokeswoman
    * * *
    1.
    SMF spokesman/spokeswoman, spokesperson
    2. SM
    1) pey (=periódico, emisora) mouthpiece
    2) (=altavoz) megaphone, loudhailer
    * * *
    masculino y femenino (m) spokesperson, spokesman; (f) spokesperson, spokeswoman
    * * *
    = spokesman [spokesmen, -pl.], spokesperson [spokespeople, -pl.], mouthpiece, spokeswoman [spokeswomen, -pl.], spin doctor, megaphone, spinner, voice.
    Ex. The philosophy of these critics was enunciated by one of their most prominent spokesmen, the famous Thomas Carlyle.
    Ex. Although I am not sure that research libraries' spokespersons are more articulate than others, their cataloging needs receive attention from the Library of Congress and from the American Library Association.
    Ex. This is the 1st issue of a journal intended as the mouthpiece of the Scottish Branch of the Library Association (UK) = Éste es el primer número de una revista cuyo objetivo es ser el portavoz de la Filial Escocesa de la Asociación de Bibliotecarios Británica.
    Ex. The UK Labour Party spokeswoman on information technology reviewed some of the future applications of the information superhighway to education.
    Ex. The author suggests that the spin doctor is a new communication role, and raises questions about its relationship to the traditional public relations model.
    Ex. When the news media in the United States serve as a megaphone for government policy, they do so under the flag of responsible journalism; when foreign media do the same, however, it is called 'propaganda'.
    Ex. The writer discusses how presidential spinner Ari Fleischer responded to questions about the proposed war with Iraq.
    Ex. There are networks which have been designed for transmitting information to and from computers, rather than transmitting people's voices.
    ----
    * el portavoz de = the voice of.
    * portavoz del gobierno = press spokesman.
    * * *
    masculino y femenino (m) spokesperson, spokesman; (f) spokesperson, spokeswoman
    * * *
    = spokesman [spokesmen, -pl.], spokesperson [spokespeople, -pl.], mouthpiece, spokeswoman [spokeswomen, -pl.], spin doctor, megaphone, spinner, voice.

    Ex: The philosophy of these critics was enunciated by one of their most prominent spokesmen, the famous Thomas Carlyle.

    Ex: Although I am not sure that research libraries' spokespersons are more articulate than others, their cataloging needs receive attention from the Library of Congress and from the American Library Association.
    Ex: This is the 1st issue of a journal intended as the mouthpiece of the Scottish Branch of the Library Association (UK) = Éste es el primer número de una revista cuyo objetivo es ser el portavoz de la Filial Escocesa de la Asociación de Bibliotecarios Británica.
    Ex: The UK Labour Party spokeswoman on information technology reviewed some of the future applications of the information superhighway to education.
    Ex: The author suggests that the spin doctor is a new communication role, and raises questions about its relationship to the traditional public relations model.
    Ex: When the news media in the United States serve as a megaphone for government policy, they do so under the flag of responsible journalism; when foreign media do the same, however, it is called 'propaganda'.
    Ex: The writer discusses how presidential spinner Ari Fleischer responded to questions about the proposed war with Iraq.
    Ex: There are networks which have been designed for transmitting information to and from computers, rather than transmitting people's voices.
    * el portavoz de = the voice of.
    * portavoz del gobierno = press spokesman.

    * * *
    masculine, feminine
    ( masculine) spokesperson, spokesman; ( feminine) spokesperson, spokeswoman
    Compuesto:
    foreman
    * * *

    portavoz sustantivo masculino y femenino (m) spokesperson, spokesman;
    (f) spokesperson, spokeswoman
    portavoz mf spokesperson
    (hombre) spokesman
    (mujer) spokeswoman: este periódico es el portavoz del partido socialista, this newspaper is the voice of the Socialist Party
    ' portavoz' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    erigirse
    - vocera
    - vocero
    - autorizado
    - personero
    English:
    mouthpiece
    - shadow cabinet
    - spokesman
    - spokesperson
    - spokeswoman
    - mouth
    - spin
    * * *
    1. [persona] spokesperson, spokesman, f spokeswoman
    2. [medio de comunicación] mouthpiece;
    esa cadena de televisión es la portavoz del gobierno that television channel is the voice o mouthpiece of the government
    * * *
    m/f hombre spokesman; mujer spokeswoman
    * * *
    portavoz nmf, pl - voces : spokesperson, spokesman m, spokeswoman f
    * * *
    portavoz n spokesperson
    Si es un hombre, se puede decir spokesman [pl. spokesmen]; si es una mujer, spokeswoman [pl. spokeswomen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > portavoz

  • 13 en un principio

    = at an earlier stage, initially, originally, at one time, to begin with
    Ex. At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.
    Ex. Initially, it is necessary that the scheme be published and available for purchase, and that its use is generally promoted.
    Ex. A relative index, as originally proposed by Melville Dewey, contains at least one entry for each subject in the scheme.
    Ex. At one time it was hoped that the new edition would be published in two volumes in 1973, but this proved impossible, and it began to seem that the publication would begin to parallel the publication of the full English edition of UDC, with its ever-postponed completion date.
    Ex. Copies tend to fade, especially if left exposed to daylight, and some of the colours are not strong to begin with.
    * * *
    = at an earlier stage, initially, originally, at one time, to begin with

    Ex: At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.

    Ex: Initially, it is necessary that the scheme be published and available for purchase, and that its use is generally promoted.
    Ex: A relative index, as originally proposed by Melville Dewey, contains at least one entry for each subject in the scheme.
    Ex: At one time it was hoped that the new edition would be published in two volumes in 1973, but this proved impossible, and it began to seem that the publication would begin to parallel the publication of the full English edition of UDC, with its ever-postponed completion date.
    Ex: Copies tend to fade, especially if left exposed to daylight, and some of the colours are not strong to begin with.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en un principio

  • 14 конгресс принял предложенный бюджет

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > конгресс принял предложенный бюджет

  • 15 законопроект

    bill, draft law

    вносить законопроект на рассмотрение парламента — to bring in / to introduce / to table a bill into Parliament

    отклонять законопроект — to turn down / to throw out / to reject a bill

    подписать / утвердить законопроект — to enact a bill

    поспешно провести законопроект через конгресс / парламент — to rush / to navigate / to pilot a bill through Congress / Parliament

    принимать законопроект — to carry / to pass a bill

    проваливать законопроект — to vote down / to defeat / to kill a bill

    конгресс провёл законопроект, на который президент наложил вето (США) — Congress repassed the bill over the presidential veto

    проталкивать / протаскивать законопроект через конгресс / парламент — to drag / to bull / to ram / to pull a bill through Congress / Parliament

    разрабатывать законопроект — to draw up / to dfaft a bill

    финансовый законопроект — finance / money bill, tax proposal

    законопроект, отложенный на следующую сессию — remanent

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > законопроект

  • 16 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 17 Garforth, William Edward

    [br]
    b. 1845 Dukinfield, Cheshire, England
    d. 1 October 1921 Pontefract, Yorkshire, England
    [br]
    English colliery manager, pioneer in machine-holing and the safety of mines.
    [br]
    After Menzies conceived his idea of breaking off coal with machines in 1761, many inventors subsequently followed his proposals through into the practice of underground working. More than one century later, Garforth became one of the principal pioneers of machine-holing combined with the longwall method of working in order to reduce production costs and increase the yield of coal. Having been appointed agent to Pope \& Pearson's Collieries, West Yorkshire, in 1879, of which company he later became Managing Director and Chairman, he gathered a great deal of experience with different methods of cutting coal. The first disc machine was exhibited in London as early as 1851, and ten years later a pick machine was invented. In 1893 he introduced an improved type of deep undercutting machine, his "diamond" disc coal-cutter, driven by compressed air, which also became popular on the European continent.
    Besides the considerable economic advantages it created, the use of machinery for mining coal increased the safety of working in hard and thin seams. The improvement of safety in mining technology was always his primary concern, and as a result of his inventions and his many publications he became the leading figure in the British coal mining industry at the beginning of the twentieth century; safety lamps still carry his name. In 1885 he invented a firedamp detector, and following a severe explosion in 1886 he concentrated on coal-dust experiments. From the information he obtained of the effect of stone-dust on a coal-dust explosion he proposed the stone-dust remedy to prevent explosions of coal-dust. As a result of discussions which lasted for decades and after he had been entrusted with the job of conducting the British coal-dust experiments, in 1921 an Act made it compulsory in all mines which were not naturally wet throughout to treat all roads with incombustible dust so as to ensure that the dust always consisted of a mixture containing not more than 50 per cent combustible matter. In 1901 Garforth erected a surface gallery which represented the damaged roadways of a mine and could be filled with noxious fumes to test self-contained breathing apparata. This gallery formed the model from which all the rescue-stations existing nowadays have been developed.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1914. LLD Universities of Birmingham and Leeds 1912. President, Midland Institute 1892–4. President, The Institution of Mining Engineers 1911–14. President, Mining Association of Great Britain 1907–8. Chairman, Standing Committee on Mining, Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Fellow of the Geological Society of London. North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers Greenwell Silver Medal 1907. Royal Society of Arts Fothergill Gold Medal 1910. Medal of the Institution of Mining Engineers 1914.
    Bibliography
    1901–2, "The application of coal-cutting machines to deep mining", Transactions of the Federated Institute of Mining Engineers 23: 312–45.
    1905–6, "A new apparatus for rescue-work in mines", Transactions of the Institution of Mining Engineers 31:625–57.
    1902, "British Coal-dust Experiments". Paper communicated to the International Congress on Mining, Metallurgy, Applied Mechanics and Practical Geology, Dusseldorf.
    Further Reading
    Garforth's name is frequently mentioned in connection with coal-holing, but his outstanding achievements in improving safety in mines are only described in W.D.Lloyd, 1921, "Memoir", Transactions of the Institution of Mining Engineers 62:203–5.
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Garforth, William Edward

  • 18 Poulsen, Valdemar

    [br]
    b. 23 November 1869 Copenhagen, Denmark
    d. 23 July 1942 Gentofte, Denmark
    [br]
    Danish engineer who developed practical magnetic recording and the arc generator for continuous radio waves.
    [br]
    From an early age he was absorbed by phenomena of physics to the exclusion of all other subjects, including mathematics. When choosing his subjects for the final three years in Borgedydskolen in Christianshavn (Copenhagen) before university, he opted for languages and history. At the University of Copenhagen he embarked on the study of medicine in 1889, but broke it off and was apprenticed to the machine firm of A/S Frichs Eftf. in Aarhus. He was employed between 1893 and 1899 as a mechanic and assistant in the laboratory of the Copenhagen Telephone Company KTAS. Eventually he advanced to be Head of the line fault department. This suited his desire for experiment and measurement perfectly. After the invention of the telegraphone in 1898, he left the laboratory and with responsible business people he created Aktieselskabet Telegrafonen, Patent Poulsen in order to develop it further, together with Peder Oluf Pedersen (1874– 1941). Pedersen brought with him the mathematical background which eventually led to his professorship in electronic engineering in 1922.
    The telegraphone was the basis for multinational industrial endeavours after it was demonstrated at the 1900 World's Exhibition in Paris. It must be said that its strength was also its weakness, because the telegraphone was unique in bringing sound recording and reproduction to the telephone field, but the lack of electronic amplifiers delayed its use outside this and the dictation fields (where headphones could be used) until the 1920s. However, commercial interest was great enough to provoke a number of court cases concerning patent infringement, in which Poulsen frequently figured as a witness.
    In 1903–4 Poulsen and Pedersen developed the arc generator for continuous radio waves which was used worldwide for radio transmitters in competition with Marconi's spark-generating system. The inspiration for this work came from the research by William Duddell on the musical arc. Whereas Duddell had proposed the use of the oscillations generated in his electric arc for telegraphy in his 1901 UK patent, Poulsen contributed a chamber of hydrogen and a transverse magnetic field which increased the efficiency remarkably. He filed patent applications on these constructions from 1902 and the first publication in a scientific forum took place at the International Electrical Congress in St Louis, Missouri, in 1904.
    In order to use continuous waves efficiently (the high frequency constituted a carrier), Poulsen developed both a modulator for telegraphy and a detector for the carrier wave. The modulator was such that even the more primitive spark-communication receivers could be used. Later Poulsen and Pedersen developed frequency-shift keying.
    The Amalgamated Radio-Telegraph Company Ltd was launched in London in 1906, combining the developments of Poulsen and those of De Forest Wireless Telegraph Syndicate. Poulsen contributed his English and American patents. When this company was liquidated in 1908, its assets were taken over by Det Kontinentale Syndikat for Poulsen Radio Telegrafi, A/S in Copenhagen (liquidated 1930–1). Some of the patents had been sold to C.Lorenz AG in Berlin, which was very active.
    The arc transmitting system was in use worldwide from about 1910 to 1925, and the power increased from 12 kW to 1,000 kW. In 1921 an exceptional transmitter rated at 1,800 kW was erected on Java for communications with the Netherlands. More than one thousand installations had been in use worldwide. The competing systems were initially spark transmitters (Marconi) and later rotary converters ( Westinghouse). Similar power was available from valve transmitters only much later.
    From c. 1912 Poulsen did not contribute actively to further development. He led a life as a well-respected engineer and scientist and served on several committees. He had his private laboratory and made experiments in the composition of matter and certain resonance phenomena; however, nothing was published. It has recently been suggested that Poulsen could not have been unaware of Oberlin Smith's work and publication in 1888, but his extreme honesty in technical matters indicates that his development was indeed independent. In the case of the arc generator, Poulsen was always extremely frank about the inspiration he gained from earlier developers' work.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1899, British patent no. 8,961 (the first British telegraphone patent). 1903, British patent no. 15,599 (the first British arc-genera tor patent).
    His scientific publications are few, but fundamental accounts of his contribution are: 1900, "Das Telegraphon", Ann. d. Physik 3:754–60; 1904, "System for producing continuous oscillations", Trans. Int. El. Congr. St. Louis, Vol. II, pp. 963–71.
    Further Reading
    A.Larsen, 1950, Telegrafonen og den Traadløse, Ingeniørvidenskabelige Skrifter no. 2, Copenhagen (provides a very complete, although somewhat confusing, account of Poulsen's contributions; a list of his patents is given on pp. 285–93).
    F.K.Engel, 1990, Documents on the Invention of Magnetic Re cor ding in 1878, New York: Audio Engineering Society, reprint no. 2,914 (G2) (it is here that doubt is expressed about whether Poulsen's ideas were developed independently).
    GB-N

    Biographical history of technology > Poulsen, Valdemar

  • 19 veto

    ˈvi:təu
    1. сущ.
    1) вето, запрещение, запрет to sustain a veto ≈ подтвердить запрет (на что-л.) to override a veto ≈ игнорировать запрет (на что-л.) Congress overrode the President's veto. ≈ Парламент проигнорировал запрет, наложенный Президентом. to put a veto on, set a veto on ≈ наложить вето на (что-л.)
    2) право вето to exercise a veto, to impose a veto, to use a veto ≈ воспользоваться правом вето, налагать запрет
    2. гл.
    1) налагать вето( на что-л.)
    2) запрещать Syn: forbid, prohibit вето - absolute * абсолютное вето - suspensory * приостанавливающее /суспензивное/ вето - to put /to place, to set/ a * on /upon/ smth. налагать вето на что-л. - to have the power /the right/ of * иметь право вето (обыкн. the *) право вето - the President has the * on proposed laws президент имеет право налагать вето на законопроекты преим. (американизм) послание( президента) с изложением причин наложения вето на законопроект (тж. * message) запрет, запрещение - father put /set/ a * on our staying out late отец запретил нам поздно возвращаться домой налагать вето (на что-л.) - to * the bill наложить вето на законопроект запрещать, налагать запрет - the police *ed the procession полиция запретила шествие отвергнуть, отвести( кандидатуру и т. п.) - to * a person отвергнуть кого-л. /чью-л. кандидатуру/ absolute right of ~ абсолютное право вето ~ право вето;
    to exercise the veto воспользоваться правом (налагать) вето pocket ~ амер. задержка президентом подписания законопроекта до закрытия сессии конгресса suspensive ~ временный запрет veto (pl -oes) вето, запрещение;
    to put (или to set) a veto (on smth.) наложить вето (или запрет) (на что-л.) ~ вето ~ запрещать;
    to veto a plan воспрепятствовать намерению ~ налагать вето (на что-л.) ~ налагать вето ~ право вето;
    to exercise the veto воспользоваться правом (налагать) вето ~ запрещать;
    to veto a plan воспрепятствовать намерению

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > veto

  • 20 summit

    1. n
    1) вершина; предел
    2) полит. высшие сферы
    3) встреча на высшем уровне, встреча в верхах, саммит
    •

    to consider the next summit for early next year — рассматривать возможность проведения следующей встречи на высшем уровне в начале следующего года

    to pack one's bags for the summit — собираться на встречу на высшем уровне

    to pave / to smooth the way for / to summit — прокладывать дорогу встрече на высшем уровне, готовить встречу на высшем уровне

    to rush smb into a summit with smb — торопить кого-л. с проведением встречи на высшем уровне с кем-л.

    - arms control summit
    - build-up to the summit
    - Common Market Summit
    - economic summit
    - emergency summit
    - extraordinary summit
    - forthcoming summit
    - fruitful summit
    - G-8 summit
    - in the run-up to the summit
    - Islamic summit
    - low-key summit
    - main obstacle to a summit
    - meeting at the summit
    - mini summit
    - nonaligned summit
    - outcome of the summit
    - political tensions within the summit
    - preliminary summit
    - projected summit
    - prospect of a summit
    - superpower summit
    - tangible fruits of the summit
    - the issue of human rights continues to dominate the summit
    - three-way summit
    - White House-Congress budget summit     2. v
    принимать участие во встрече на высшем уровне, принимать участие во встрече в саммите

    Politics english-russian dictionary > summit

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